In 10% of cases, there are two canals join at the root apex and in 3% have completely separated two canals. 1: (A) Pretreatment image of the left second maxillary molar with deep cavity. In order to explore root canal anatomy for better understanding, several benchmarks were chosen. In addition, healing from an extraction takes longer and is often more painful than healing from a root canal, and pulling the tooth means even more dental procedures and healing time. Treatments. Two main foramina were observed in 43. 1. 2%) of the MB roots and 14 (1. You can brush and floss as usual, but make sure to be gentle around the treated area. The simple truth is that the only alternative to a conventional root canal is an extraction of the tooth. The dental pulp is made up of connective tissue, nerves and. 1. Hundred and fifty mandibular first permanent molars were collected and subjected to clearing technique. Successful endodontic treatment depends on cleaning and disinfecting the root canals, in order to provide conditions for three-dimensional filling, which should prevent root canal reinfection. A root canal is a dental procedure used to save a tooth that has become deeply decayed or infected. If you are experiencing any of the above. Home Root Canal Treatment / Endodontics Address: 8 Winyard Dr, Mooroolbark VIC 3138, Australia Phone: (03) 9726 6227 Email: info@mooroolbarkdental. A root canal treatment is a dental procedure that removes the infected dental pulp inside the middle of a tooth. Root canal morphology was studied using a clearing technique with Vertucci's classification. An abscess is a condition where the infection spreads to the gums. A ballpark estimate for the root canal treatment itself (not including a dental restoration following the procedure) performed by a general dentist could range from $500 to $1,000 for an incisor. interest in Root Canal Treatments in and around Mooroolbark, VIC 3138, including real positive customer. Contact us today for a free quote or call 04475 217 658! The most common endodontic surgical procedure is an apicoectomy or root-end resection. Methods The root canals of straight,. com. Two-rooted P1 was found in 33. 1 years. Root Canal – Premolar (approximately $720- $1,300 Out-of-Network) 1. Knowledge the morphology of the mandibular premolars along with a correct diagnosis is a prerequisite for successful treatment in endodontic therapy [1, 2]. FAIR Health says the average cost of a filling is $395, or, more specifically: $132 for an amalgam (silver) filling. For those who require advanced RCT treatment, we also offer Re-Root canal treatments (also known as Re-RCT) to fit your needs. Find My Endodontist. Repeated dental procedures on the tooth. Based on a radiograph, the restorability of a tooth and the complexity of the root canal morphology, and necessary treatment protocols can be evaluated []. Procedures for root canal. Morphological variations, connecting and accessory canals were observed in all apical. 1-0. The root canals of the maxillary posterior teeth showed more significant curvature in the mesiodistal direction than in the buccolingual direction (P<0. Source: University of Adelaide. Root canal treatment is an often straightforward procedure to relieve dental pain and save your teeth. Book an appointment online or view opening hours, contact details, services for Root. 1% times. Doing so is not only important for creating. Read on to learn why you might need endodontic surgery and view a step-by-step explanation of the most common surgical procedure, an apicoectomy. 4%). This allows them to build up a clear picture of the root canal and assess the extent of any damage. During the procedure, 17% EDTA gel was used as a lubricant and 5. 1. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), back in 1936, was recommended by Walker to irrigate the root canals. Successful endodontic treatment. Root canal therapy is done in three steps, and it takes between one and three sessions to complete. The cost is usually around $800 to $900. The most common configuration of the mandibular first molar is the presence of two roots and three root canals. Introduction. Root canal infections are caused by microorganisms that have penetrated the dental pulp and colonized the root canal system. Because varying canal shapes (from round to oval) preclude a perfect, impenetrable seal, root-filled teeth should be permanently re – stored without undue delay to prevent contamination of the previously obturated canal system. Root canal tooth hurts with pressure. General, Cosmetic and Emergency Dentist Shop. Myth 3: It’s better to pull a tooth than have root canal treatment. Phone: (03) 9726 6227 Email: info@mooroolbarkdental. 80 (England) or £203. Sixty (N = 60) human extracted MSPs were collected and prepared for micro-CT scanning. 2. Mon. Morphology variation of root canals has always been a challenge in the diagnosis and success of endodontic therapy (1). The purpose of treatment (prevention or cure of apical periodontitis) is served by the functions of the obturation (sealing, killing microbes, and filling the space), which depend on some properties of the materials. The objective of this report was to highlight the importance of using a dental operating microscope (DOM) to locate supernumerary canals and diagnose variations in root canals using cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images. Inadequate knowledge in this regard will lead to incomplete debridement and filling of the root canals, which is the main cause of failure. The patient should be cautious when it comes to brushing, flossing, and chewing certain foods after their root canal. Tooth discoloration, swelling, and pimples on gum are all indications of a failed root-canal. NaOCl functions by eliminating bacterial biofilms and dissolving organic tissue, which may vary according to several factors such as the microbiology of root canal infection and the concentration of the. Evaluating your crown for reuse following root canal treatment. Adrian Kuay is currently the longest serving dentist in Mooroolbark. A tooth sustains a fracture. ago. A root canal procedure is less expensive than having a tooth removed and replaced with a dental implant. A visible fistula, swelling, or temperature sensitivity might be present. I work getting patients for dentists and from what i can see dentistry in the US is quite good across the board and I guarantee you can find someone well reviewed to do it for under $1k. 85% sterile saline was used to moisten the root canals to allow better sample collection. A 35-year-old Chinese female was referred to complete root canal treatment of the maxillary right molars using a DOM. In fact, one of the best ways to determine if there's an issue with a previous root canal is to use our 3D. Contact us today for a free quote or call 04475 217 658!Pain after a root canal is typically mild and only lasts a few days; it is a normal and manageable after-effect. 1. Here’s the bottom line about root canals that I have come to after 35 years as a practicing dentist and 25 years as a holistic dentist: Root canal teeth no longer have a blood supply and so immune cells can’t reach the bacteria that remain in the tooth even after root canal therapy;2. g. There are a number of options available for dental patients affected by a failing root canal. 4mm-9. au Endodontics is a specialized area of dentistry focusing on the study and treatment of the dental root, nerve and. The usual canal distribution is two canals in the mesial root and one or two canals in the distal root. There are many reasons why this happens: the restoration begins to leak. INTRODUCTION. Uses ozone gas to help sterilize the canals of the tooth. With root canal treatment, patients are able to keep their own teeth rather. Then, they will clean out the necrotic tissue and all traces of the filler used previously. This current paper aims to review the literature on the root canal configuration (RCC) and root structure of permanent mandibular premolars. Appropriate knowledge on root and canal morphology, communication, and documentation amongst dentists will be challenging from a diagnostic and successful treatment point of. Teeth with advanced caries that have been treated with root canal often require a post, build-up, and a crown to restore them. An enhanced appreciation of canal configuration will help increase the success rate of. The pulp extends from the crown — the visible part of the tooth — to the tip of the tooth's root in the jawbone. 3% NaOCl and normal saline. Endodontists have completed at least two extra years of training beyond dental school. The overall price of the root canal and filling will vary, based on the materials used. Find out what happens before and during treatment, and what to expect. poor oral or dental hygiene. whenever the paper point was unable to reach the full length of the root. Even after the root canal procedure is long over, it appears that bacteria can (and often does) remain. Nothing looks, feels or functions like a natural tooth. The dental pulp is the tissue of which the dentin portion of the tooth is composed. Hence, a profound and correct experience about the regular and variable root canal system anatomy is crucial for successful endodontic therapy []. 05). The root canals were filled with creamy calcium hydroxide (CH) paste (Golchay, Tehran, Iran) for one week. See more reviews for this business. Hence, tooth preservation is a major outcome. 2009). Comprehensive knowledge of tooth anatomy and root canal morphology is crucial to. 5–7 11 14–19 However, the presence of six or more root canals is highly exceptional and such teeth are described in a small number of case reports only with their incidence being unknown 20–25 (table 1). Root canal morphology of human permanent teeth in a Turkish population. [17,18,19,20] At present, several studies on the different types of root canal anatomy seen in the mandibular incisors and canines are available in the literature. The infection can recur, with symptoms that can last for months. A root canal can cost between $700 to $2500. This allows them to build up a clear picture of the root canal and assess the extent of any damage. Premolar — $720 to $$1,300. Radiographically, root canal treatment (RCT) has an unfavourable outcome when one of the following occurs: 2. 4 and 4. The prerequisite for using ultrasonics is the removal of the adjacent restorative material and the exposure of the post for visualising the cement at the root canal orifice ( Figures 20. Images. You'll feel a bit of a pinch when the needle is injected, but only for a moment. Extruded root canal filling causing an immune response. [2,3] The clinician should have a. Then, he or she will perform a visual inspection of the tooth and surrounding area. After Extirpation, the patient usually returns in 1-2 weeks. Once this matter is removed the cavity is filled with a permanent filling, and finally fitted with a crown. It's also called endodontic treatment. 7. Root canals are typically successful, but sometimes they fail. 1. Most bifurcations were located in the coronal part. Root canals were invented to solve three problems: 1) relieving pain from tooth decay, 2) removing diseased tooth pulp, and 3) preserve existing teeth rather than pulling them. Root canal therapy is a common dental procedure that involves removing damaged or infected tissue from the inner chamber of a tooth. Usually, the mandibular canine only has one root and one root canal. The procedure to replace this damaged or infected pulp is also known as endodontic treatment. It is found in the form of a biofilm, which makes it more resistant to antimicrobials, and requires optimal chemomechanical strategies to maximize root canal disinfection. 21 and 7. HOME; ABOUT US. (1) Identification of the principle canals in two rooted mandibular molars. Step 2: Administer a local anesthetic using a small needle to numb the area. Treatments. They help dentists and endodontists to save millions of teeth from being extracted, every year. dentalstudiomooroolbark@gmail. Mandibular second premolar usually consists of a single root with a single root canal. The first step consisted in finding the pulp chamber floor. During root canal treatment, an endodontist who specializes in such treatment carefully removes the pulp inside the tooth, cleans, disinfects. If the final filling or crown is even a fraction too big, it hits the opposite tooth with too much force compared to surrounding teeth, which can cause pain after a root canal. Root canals are life-changing. As a general rule, the more complex the procedure, the longer it will take and the more it will cost. Objectives To assess occurrence and its variation over time of serious accidental perforations during endodontic treatment and the fate of perforated teeth by tooth type and characteristics of patients and dentists. 10 In the previous studies, five canals have been found in 2. 3% as shown in. A tooth's nerve is not important to a tooth's health and function after the tooth has emerged through the gums. Endodontic Surgery. 1. Next, the dentist checks the gums, seeing if the spaces between your teeth and gums are shallow. Faulty crown. Overview. Facts to Consider About Root Canals. To protect your tooth from bacteria in your saliva during the treatment, the dentist places a rubber dam around the tooth being treated. It’s important to realize that tooth canals actually relieve and prevent pain. Monday –. A root canal removes the pulp from the tooth before it's sealed. Root canals are life-changing. Top 10 Best Root Canal Affordable Cost in Moorpark, CA 93021 - October 2023 - Yelp - Kosta's Dental Office, Konstantinos Proussaefs, DDS, Paul Jang Dentistry, Daniel Elbert, DDS, Zachary Potts, DDS, Arroyo Dental, Western Dental & Orthodontics, Comfy Dental Group and Orthodontics, First Street Dental Group. The final stage of the root canal is restoring your tooth. 1. A root canal treatment is a way of saving a tooth from inflammation or bacterial infection. This. Find practices offering Root Canal Treatments services within Mooroolbark, VIC 3138. You can brush and floss as usual, but make sure to be gentle around the treated area. Dentures; Orthodontics. For Dental Professionals. 5 mm in diameter Extreme curvature (>30°) or S-shaped curve Mandibular premolar or anterior with 2 roots Maxillary premolar with 3 roots Canal divides in the middle or apical third Very long tooth (>25 mm) Open apex (>1. [] and Ozcan et al. There is only one root canal in single-rooted teeth. To learn more about Elite Dentistry of Monroeville, contact us today. Harry's Yard provides professional tree removal services throughout Mooroolbark at an affordable price. A root canal treatment is done to repair and save a badly damaged or infected tooth instead of removing the tooth from the mouth. In the most severe cases, the infection may. Sepsis is rare but can become fatal. CONTACT US. The diversity of root canal anatomy in permanent dentition is quite common. Dr Emily Pow has a special interest for restorative dental treatments like fillings and crowns. a. The root canal configuration in maxillary molars was analyzed by Weine classification system. An electronic search was performed on Web of. This infection can cause an apical periodontitis and the progression of different forms of apical periodontitis is due to some microorganisms [1,2,3]. These teeth have the typical triangular shape on the pulp chamber floor. Additional canal forms do occur. Her expertise lies in performing tooth extractions, root canal treatments, crown and bridge procedures, wisdom teeth extractions, restorative fillings, gum disease management, and cosmetic. It's actually a relatively painless procedure since local anesthesia will be used. Eat Healthy. 1,2,3 Recognition of anatomic variations is a real challenge for clinicians before undertaking therapy, regardless of the teeth that are to be treated. Root canal therapy of a maxillary first molar with five root canals: Case report. The root canals were dried with paper. He is very. After watching this program, you may believe that if you get a root canal, you will have a more than 90% chance of getting cancer. To find an endodontist near you, use our location based search above. Root canals are extremely common, with more than 15 million taking place in the United States every year. The current study included. The infection can recur, with symptoms that can last for months. c. Root canal treatment is an often straightforward procedure to relieve dental pain and save your teeth. In addition, an injury to a tooth may cause pulp damage even if the tooth has no visible chips or cracks. 1. Book an appointment online or view opening hours, contact details, services for Root Canal Treatments and more in one easy location on Healthengine. Dentures; Orthodontics. Root canals performed in the Northeast preserved teeth for much longer than root canals in other regions of the country. 1 Introduction. No denture, bridge or implant will look, feel and function as well as a natural tooth. There are a whole host of reasons why you might need root canal treatment: Deep decay. Understanding and mastering this internal anatomy is essential for the planning and executing endodontic therapies []. The present study reported a rare anatomical configuration with six root canals in the mandibular right first molar diagnosed during endodontic treatment using a dental operating microscope and confirmed with the help of cone‑beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Mooroolbark Denture Clinic - Abstract Arch Denture Clinic specialises in implant retained dentures, both full and partial dentures, Mooroolbark Denture Clinic, repairs, relines and emergency situations. Bulk Billed Dental Medicare CDBS; Dental Payment Plans; Access My Super; Bupa Dental Insurance; HCF Dental Insurance; News; Contact; Book. An endodontist will typically treat your abscess with a root canal procedure or endodontic surgery. Avoid spicy, oily, crunchy, and sugary foods for at least 24 to 48 hours, as these could trigger inflammation in the root canal area. This study monitored 140 patients during the day (24 hours post-op) following the completion of their (two-visit) root canal [email protected] et al. Find My Endodontist. 1. Root canal treatment is used to repair and save a tooth that is decayed or becomes infected. Full Length Video - FREE ENDO GUIDE & NEWSLETTERmandibular second molars demonstrate variations on root and canal morphology. The infection can recur, with symptoms that can last for months. Intra-observer. Floss once a day to help prevent future infections. info@triodentaluae. 11 Devon Street CROYDON, VIC 3136 9725 8040 Book Online . Eggs, cooked carrots, and sweet potatoes are great options for the first few days to a week after the surgery. Dr. The dentist removes existing filler materials and searches for additional issues with the tooth. poor oral or dental hygiene. A crown (cap) is usually recommended to restore the tooth properly. Different views of the internal anatomy of a representative maxillary second molar. This case report describes the diagnosis and management of unusual root. In general, costs can be between $300 and $1,000 for the root canal treatment. Learn more about root canals. Results. At our 145+ Members First Ultimate providers, Bupa members with eligible extras cover that includes General Dental can get: 100% back on check-up and cleans on up to two 6-monthly dental check-up and cleans (select dental items only) per person. This involves removing the bacteria from the empty canals within your tooth, cleaning, shaping and filing the root canals, and sealing the empty space. The present study was a literature review carried out in the. FMA. (i) Most commonly the mandibular molars present with two principle roots, the mesial and the distal. All procedures at Pacific Smiles Dental Care Centres are carried out using state-of-the-art. 05]. Root canal treatment, also known as root canal therapy (RCT) or endodontic treatment, is a dental procedure that involves drilling into a decayed tooth, with the aim of removing the soft centre, 'dental pulp'. 1%). Root Canals (Endodontics) Wisdom Teeth Removal; Cosmetic Dentistry. At our 145+ Members First Ultimate providers, Bupa members with eligible extras cover that includes General Dental can get: 100% back on check-up and cleans on up to two 6-monthly dental check-up and cleans (select dental items only) per person. A molar costs $1,111. First, the dentist removes everything that is inside the root canal. The aim of this study was to investigate all the root canal morphology of mandibular second molars and analyze the morphological variations in patients by gender and age in a Chinese population use CBCT imaging. Root canal therapy is necessary when oral bacteria invade the pulp inside of your tooth. It can be treated with the root canal. Conventional 2-dimensional (2D) radiographs provide a cost-effective, high-resolution image, which continues to be the most commonly used method in daily restorative dental practice. 2023. After this has been done, the tooth is. Invisalign; About. The infection of the dental root canal system is called an endodontic infection. So, the cost of NHS root canal treatment is relatively inexpensive. The root showed 46% with one foramen, 46% two foramina, and 8% three foramina. Root canal anchoring systems. com. If you’ve been noticing soreness, pain, or anything else making your teeth and mouth uncomfortable, don’t hesitate to give us a call and schedule an appointment. Premolar — $720 to $$1,300. type I), followed by a 2-2-1/1 (Vertucci’s and Weine’s II) and 1-2-1/1 (Vertucci’s III). However, in some cases, a tooth. Dentists in big cities tend to charge higher fees than those in rural areas. The most common procedures and typical amounts charged by dentists are: Root Canal – Front Tooth (approximately $620 - $1,100 Out-of-Network) 1. Dr. The pulp is the tooth's lifeline – its vessels, tissue fibres and nerves in the central hollow of the tooth keep it alive. Cleaning the root canal. A tooth has up to 4 canals containing dental pulp. Root canal therapy is medically necessary, so most insurance plans can cover the cost. com Free Implant consultations Find out more How to book online Click the Online Booking tab at the top of. According to the American Association of Endodontists (AAE), more than 15 million root canals are performed each year in the United States. 5-7). The infection can recur, with symptoms that can last for months. [] reported five canals; showing three canals in the MB root. American Association of Endodontists (AAE) 180 N. Many people will experience no pain at all – and studies show that only 3 to 6 percent of people treated with a root canal experience what they classify as “severe pain” in the days following the procedure. This involves removing the bacteria from the. 2. 3%) followed by two canals (19. Endodontists don't place fillings or clean teeth — they dedicate their time to diagnosing and. The endodontic intervention in all root canals is essential to promote cleaning, removal of necrotic content and reduction of the microbial contingent and their by-products (2, 3). Aware that root canal treatment consists of a cumulative series of interdependent steps, several researchers including Strindberg (Strindberg, 1956) and Ng's group (Ng et al. Introduction. Our team of dental professionals are experienced in providing preventive, restorative treatments and cosmetic dental treatments at our Chirnside Park clinic. By limiting their practice to endodontics, endodontists focus exclusively on treatments of the dental pulp. In the distal roots, one canal was more prevalent with 77% occurrence, and Type I canal configuration was more frequent with 85. This can help get rid of the infection and save your tooth. Root Canals (Endodontics) Wisdom Teeth Removal; Cosmetic Dentistry. com!July 22, 2023. It relieves your pain, saves your teeth and keeps you smiling and eating your favorite foods. Dr. 7 and 4. All procedures at Pacific Smiles Dental Care Centres are carried out using state-of-the-art. Root canal treatment, or endodontic treatment, is the procedure involving the removal of infected or dead pulp from your tooth root canal area (The area inside of the hard part of your tooth). The main complaint of the patient, a 16-year-old girl, was pain in tooth 14. Saving your natural teeth is the very best option if possible, and the root canal procedure is the treatment ofBackground. Herein, we present a case of a maxillary left. Missed roots or root canals during treatment lead to infections and require retreatment in up to 42% of cases (Hoen and Pink, 2002). 2–3%. This case report describes the diagnosis and management of unusual root canal configuration of a mandibular second molar, with. 2%. 4% of maxillary first molars which were conducted by Acosta Vigorans and Gray. Find & book health appointments, 24/7 with Healthengine, Australia’s #1 healthcare app. Root canal treatment is needed when dental X-rays show that the pulp has been damaged by a bacterial infection. Bicuspid (mid-mouth): $705 to $1,250. The cost of a root canal on a molar (back tooth) generally costs between $1,000 and $1,300, but can run higher. Monday – Friday 8:45 AM – 5:45 PM. Will take as much time to get the job done as well as possible. Download now to book an appointment anytime, anywhere. It is located within the root which is the part of the tooth that extends below the gum. The main objective of endodontic treatment is the cleaning, disinfection, and three-dimensional filling of the root canal system in order to prevent reinfection and to cure the infection []. In case of a dry canal, 0. Endodontists are specialists in saving teeth. In the most severe cases, the infection may. Radiographic examination is an essential component in endodontic treatment. Learn more about root canals. Maroondah Dental Care Clinic offers high quality dentistry services in the South East Melbourne regions like Mooroolbark, Chirnside Park and Croydon. Most maxillary first premolars had two roots (69. Download games for free today at iWin. Nothing artificial can replace the look or function of a natural tooth so it’s important to always consider root canal treatment as an option. Endodontic Surgery. The goal of a root canal, also known as endodontic treatment, is to save a tooth that has been badly damaged from decay, disease or injury. This case reports on a distinct formation of the roots and root canals of a maxillary second molar. A bicuspid costs $879. For those with an infected or decayed tooth, there are several treatment alternatives available instead of having a root canal. However, there has been a noticeable increment in evidence showing variations in its morphology, such as the presence of two roots and two root canals. Herein, we report the presence of two separate root canals in a. 24. , 2007, 2008) have acknowledged that the probability of treatment factors interacting and therefore influencing treatment outcomes is extremely high. Surgery may also be needed to remove calcium deposits in root canals, or to treat damaged root surfaces or the surrounding bone of the tooth. What causes an endodontically treated tooth to need additional treatment? Can all teeth be treated endodontically? What can I eat after a root canal? How is a root canal done?. The period of followup was less than 4 years [ 16 ], a further paper was excluded as the author didn't clearly separate the initial and secondary treatments. Root canal treatment is a technically demanding procedure especially in the case of maxillary first molar where the anatomy is extremely variable. If pulp inflammation or infection is left untreated, it can cause pain. , 2021). In the second session, the patient’s symptoms had subsided completely. 1995;21(4):200. and Beatty and Iterian[ 4 , 5 ] have reported on more obscure cases in which a third canal was located in the distal root. Step 2: Administer a local anesthetic using a small needle to numb the area. Retreatment is the most common option and has the highest rate of success. About 25% of the mesial roots had 2 separate canals from pulp chamber to apex (Weine Type III). [10,11,12,13] The morphological variations in root canals such as long, narrow, or curved canals are most prone to endodontic mishaps, which can cause serious problems during root canal therapy. She imagined it was like a baby ice cream cone — less than what an adult gets, just a little bit of a root. The procedure is necessary when the pulp, a mass of blood-supplying soft tissue inside the tooth. Tooth discoloration, swelling, and pimples on gum are all indications of a failed root-canal. This helps determine the. Senior’s Dentistry. July 12, 2019. Scar tissue healing of the root canal site. Background. Johanna Tanner,. 16±6. These include: Retreatment. Because the tooth typically has a large filling or is weakened from extensive decay, it needs to be protected from future damage and returned to normal function. Mouthwash is made up of 0. The mesiobuccal root has the highest anatomical variability and has two or more canals in 56. The dentist simply needs to adjust the filling or crown to remove the high spot on the tooth, though the. Variant 1 is presented in 22. Infection after root canal: Intense and worsening pain more than a week after your procedure may be a sign of an infection, and you should call your dentist. Dental treatment alternatives to a root canal include direct pulp capping, pulpotomy, pulpectomy, endodontic retreatment, endodontic surgery, tooth extraction, dental implants, bridges, or dentures. 7-7. This objective necessitates continuous informative update of the effective clinical and laboratory methods for identifying this anatomy, and classification systems suitable. The inside of the tooth, including the root canals , is then cleaned and disinfected to remove bacteria. The inability to locate, disinfect, and fill the root canal completely can cause endodontic failure []. Blue Bay Tower 617, Business Bay Dubai. Success in root canal treatment lies in a thorough knowledge of root canal systems and their three-dimensional cleaning and shaping followed by hermetic sealing of the cleaned and shaped canals ([], 83-95). faecalis) is a commensal bacterium of the gastrointestinal tract, strongly associated with root canal infections and detected in up to 77% of teeth with failed endodontic treatment [14,15,21]. Take the time to learn more about root canal treatment and some of the common misconceptions about it and then take the first step to a pain-free, healthy mouth by visiting an endodontist near you. Journal of Endodontics. A successful endodontic treatment requires a thorough knowledge of tooth anatomy and morphology of the root canal system because there is a wide variability in this respect even within the normal range []. Root canals are often recommended when the pain or swelling is due to an infection deep within a tooth. Endodontists are specialists in saving teeth. In a root canal, the pulp is removed from the tooth. The mandibular first molars normally have three or four root canals and rarely have five or more root canals. Case presentation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the root and canal morphology of permanent maxillary first premolars in a Polish population using cone-beam computed tomography scanning (CBCT) and to compare the classifications by Vertucci and Ahmed et al. (ii) In the principle mesial root, the principle mesiobuccal (MB) or mesiolingual (ML) canal is the canal whose orifice is located most.